go-dedis-kyber/group.go

package kyber

import (
	"crypto/cipher"
)

// Scalar represents a scalar value by which
// a Point (group element) may be encrypted to produce another Point.
// This is an exponent in DSA-style groups,
// in which security is based on the Discrete Logarithm assumption,
// and a scalar multiplier in elliptic curve groups.
type Scalar interface {
	Marshaling

	// Equality test for two Scalars derived from the same Group.
	Equal(s2 Scalar) bool

	// Set sets the receiver equal to another Scalar a.
	Set(a Scalar) Scalar

	// Clone creates a new Scalar with the same value.
	Clone() Scalar

	// SetInt64 sets the receiver to a small integer value.
	SetInt64(v int64) Scalar

	// Set to the additive identity (0).
	Zero() Scalar

	// Set to the modular sum of scalars a and b.
	Add(a, b Scalar) Scalar

	// Set to the modular difference a - b.
	Sub(a, b Scalar) Scalar

	// Set to the modular negation of scalar a.
	Neg(a Scalar) Scalar

	// Set to the multiplicative identity (1).
	One() Scalar

	// Set to the modular product of scalars a and b.
	Mul(a, b Scalar) Scalar

	// Set to the modular division of scalar a by scalar b.
	Div(a, b Scalar) Scalar

	// Set to the modular inverse of scalar a.
	Inv(a Scalar) Scalar

	// Set to a fresh random or pseudo-random scalar.
	Pick(rand cipher.Stream) Scalar

	// SetBytes sets the scalar from a byte-slice,
	// reducing if necessary to the appropriate modulus.
	// The endianess of the byte-slice is determined by the
	// implementation.
	SetBytes([]byte) Scalar
}

// Point represents an element of a public-key cryptographic Group.
// For example,
// this is a number modulo the prime P in a DSA-style Schnorr group,
// or an (x, y) point on an elliptic curve.
// A Point can contain a Diffie-Hellman public key, an ElGamal ciphertext, etc.
type Point interface {
	Marshaling

	// Equality test for two Points derived from the same Group.
	Equal(s2 Point) bool

	// Null sets the receiver to the neutral identity element.
	Null() Point

	// Base sets the receiver to this group's standard base point.
	Base() Point

	// Pick sets the receiver to a fresh random or pseudo-random Point.
	Pick(rand cipher.Stream) Point

	// Set sets the receiver equal to another Point p.
	Set(p Point) Point

	// Clone clones the underlying point.
	Clone() Point

	// Maximum number of bytes that can be embedded in a single
	// group element via Pick().
	EmbedLen() int

	// Embed encodes a limited amount of specified data in the
	// Point, using r as a source of cryptographically secure
	// random data.  Implementations only embed the first EmbedLen
	// bytes of the given data.
	Embed(data []byte, r cipher.Stream) Point

	// Extract data embedded in a point chosen via Embed().
	// Returns an error if doesn't represent valid embedded data.
	Data() ([]byte, error)

	// Add points so that their scalars add homomorphically.
	Add(a, b Point) Point

	// Subtract points so that their scalars subtract homomorphically.
	Sub(a, b Point) Point

	// Set to the negation of point a.
	Neg(a Point) Point

	// Multiply point p by the scalar s.
	// If p == nil, multiply with the standard base point Base().
	Mul(s Scalar, p Point) Point
}

// AllowsVarTime allows callers to determine if a given kyber.Scalar
// or kyber.Point supports opting-in to variable time operations. If
// an object implements AllowsVarTime, then the caller can use
// AllowVarTime(true) in order to allow variable time operations on
// that object until AllowVarTime(false) is called. Variable time
// operations may be faster, but also risk leaking information via a
// timing side channel. Thus they are only safe to use on public
// Scalars and Points, never on secret ones.
type AllowsVarTime interface {
	AllowVarTime(bool)
}

// Group interface represents a mathematical group
// usable for Diffie-Hellman key exchange, ElGamal encryption,
// and the related body of public-key cryptographic algorithms
// and zero-knowledge proof methods.
// The Group interface is designed in particular to be a generic front-end
// to both traditional DSA-style modular arithmetic groups
// and ECDSA-style elliptic curves:
// the caller of this interface's methods
// need not know or care which specific mathematical construction
// underlies the interface.
//
// The Group interface is essentially just a "constructor" interface
// enabling the caller to generate the two particular types of objects
// relevant to DSA-style public-key cryptography;
// we call these objects Points and Scalars.
// The caller must explicitly initialize or set a new Point or Scalar object
// to some value before using it as an input to some other operation
// involving Point and/or Scalar objects.
// For example, to compare a point P against the neutral (identity) element,
// you might use P.Equal(suite.Point().Null()),
// but not just P.Equal(suite.Point()).
//
// It is expected that any implementation of this interface
// should satisfy suitable hardness assumptions for the applicable group:
// e.g., that it is cryptographically hard for an adversary to
// take an encrypted Point and the known generator it was based on,
// and derive the Scalar with which the Point was encrypted.
// Any implementation is also expected to satisfy
// the standard homomorphism properties that Diffie-Hellman
// and the associated body of public-key cryptography are based on.
type Group interface {
	String() string

	ScalarLen() int // Max length of scalars in bytes
	Scalar() Scalar // Create new scalar

	PointLen() int // Max length of point in bytes
	Point() Point  // Create new point
}